URBAN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE OF BACTRIA DURING THE KUSHAN PERIOD

Abstract

During the Kushan period, architecture reached a new level. The expansion of the empire, cultural and religious connections between regions, and economic growth significantly influenced the development of architecture. In the territory of the Kushan Empire, Greek-Bactrian, Indian, and Buddhist styles merged, creating unique architectural landmarks. New temples, pottery neighborhoods, and defensive structures were built in cities. Archaeological research conducted in cities like Termez, Dalvarzintepa, Khayrobodtepa, and Fayoztepa indicates that the economic and cultural development during this period was at a high level. Especially the Buddhist religion and its architectural objects, including temples and stupas, reflect the cultural heritage of the empire. Kushan architecture strengthened interethnic connections and reached new heights in the fields of architecture and art.