THE SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CLASH OF CULTURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATIONS (Based on The Clash of Civilizations by Samuel F. Huntington)

Abstract

Before the "Clash of Civilizations" paradigm was put forward by Samuel F. Huntington, similar views and hypotheses were put forward by a number of political philosophers and sociologists. Among such scientists, we can cite as an example the British social scientist philosopher, historian Arnold J. Toynbee. Almost 40 years before S. Huntington's controversial article "Clash of Civilizations" was published in "Foreign Affairs" magazine in 1993, A. Toynbee in his work "The World and the West" published in 1953 described the history of civilizations and was surrounded by scientific debates around various geopolitical hypotheses. In its time, this work caused no less controversy than S. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations" and caused a stir in the true sense of the fact that it presented views and scientific evidence that were completely new for its time. was the cause. Just as Huntington reached the peak of his career in the 1990s, Toynbee was four years away from retirement when this work was published. Sixty-four-year-old Toynbee was conducting his research at the Royal Institute of International Relations at that time. He was recognized as a scholar of his time due to his extensive historical research and political analysis of international relations.