ECOLOGICAL AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN CITIES AND OTHER SETTLEMENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V4I8Y2024N44Keywords:
settlement, city, sustainable development, environment, greening, industry, construction activities, natural resources.Abstract
The article explains the concept of settlement on the basis of scientific and theoretical concepts and current legislation. The author has developed his own independent approach to the division of settlements into species. The legal description and nature of the settlements are also revealed. The article examines the main environmental problems in cities, the solution of which is considered in the framework of the new UN Urban Development Program (Habitat III). The author pays special attention to ensuring the quality of the environment in settlements, strict adherence to environmental standards and thus ensuring the right of man to a comfortable environment. At the same time, the need to ensure the harmony of ecological, economic and social aspects of urban development as one of the important conditions for sustainable development is scientifically justified. The author scientifically and legally analyzes the issues of environmentalization of production, industry, construction, acoustic impact in settlements, environmental and legal requirements for the protection of atmospheric air, compliance with sanitary norms related to water resources and public health. The article substantiates the need for the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan to introduce a procedure for conducting an "environmental rating" of cities with the broad involvement of the public. As a result of research conducted on the topic, conclusions of scientific and practical significance have been developed.
References
1. http://www.ox.ac.uk; https://www.cam.ac.uk; http://www.manchester.ac.uk; http://www.hu-berlin.de; www.hs-mittweida.de; http://www.sorbonne-university.com; http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en; https://www.useoul.edu; http://web.mit.edu; https://www.ecology.uga.edu; https://www.indiana.edu; http://www.sggw.pl; http://www.uu.se; https://www.uu.nl/en; www.rug.nl; http://www.wwfindia.org; http://www.mq.edu.au; https://www.era.int; https://www.ut.ee; https://www.k6k.ee; https://www.msu.ru; www.iseu.bsu.by.
2. Aleksandrova A.Yu. Pravovoe regulirovanie ispolzovaniya zemel poseleniy dlya zastroyki v Rossii: Avtoref. diss. kand. yurid. nauk. [Legal regulation of the use of lands of settlements for building in Russia: Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences] Moscow, 2008. 28 p.
3. Usmonov M.B. Yer huquqi. Darslik. [Land law. Textbook.] Tаshkent, HTI, 2019, 348 р.
4. Bedova Ye.S. Pravovoy rejim zemel naselenix punktov Avtoref. diss. kand. yurid. nauk. [Legal regime of lands of settlements: Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences.] Moscow, 2012. 28 p.
5. Bedova Ye.S. Planirovanie ispolzovaniya zemel naselennыx punktov: ekologicheskiy aspekt [Land use planning in settlements: environmental aspect] Materiali kruglogo stola [Legal support of the unified state environmental policy of the Russian Federation] Moscow, 2011, pp. 210-212. (In Russ.)
6. Lisina N.L. Pravovoy rejim zemel poseleniy: Avtoref. diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. [Legal regime of settlement lands: Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences] Moscow, 2003. 28 p.
7. Ekologiya huquqi. Darslik. Mas’ul muharrir: prof. J.T.Xolmo’minov. [Еnvironmental law. Textbook. Responsible editor: prof. J.T.Xolmo’minov] Tаshkent, TDYU, 2019, 285р.
8. Voronin A.O. Predostavlenie zemel naselennыx punktov dlya stroitelstva xozyaystvennыx i inыx ob’ektov. Avtoref. diss. … kand. yurid. nauk. [Provision of lands of settlements for the construction of economic and other facilities: Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences.] Tver, 2009. 30 р.
9. Jerebnenko Yu.S. Sotsialno-ekologicheskie problemы upravleniya territorialnыm razvitiem selskix poseleniy [Socio-ecological problems of managing the territorial development of rural settlements] Geologiya, geografiya i globalnaya energiya – Geology, geography and global energy, Belgorod, 2012, no.2, pp. 248-249.
10. Lisina N.L. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i problemi okrujayushey sredi v gorodax [Lisina N.L. Current state and environmental problems in cities] Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of the Kemerovo State University. Kemerova, 2015, no.4-2, 242 p.
11. Usmonov M.B. Yer huquqi. Darslik. [Land law. Textbook.] Tаshkent, HTI, 2019, 348 р.
12. Yer huquqi. Darslik. [Land law. Textbook] Tаshkent, TDYU, 2019, 160 р.
13. Choltyan L.N. Voprosi klassifikatsii i pravovoy oxrani gorodskix naselyonnix punktov [Issues of classification and legal protection of urban settlements] Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika. – Law and state: theory and practice. Moskow, 2007, no.9, pp. 113-116.
14. Choltyan L.N. Pravovoe obespechenie oxrani okrujayushey sredi v gorodskix naselennix punktax. Avtoref. diss. ... kand. yurid. nauk. [Legal support of environmental protection in urban areas: Author's abstract. diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences.] Moscow, 2009. pp. 10-11.
15. Tabolin V.V. Samoupravlenie v krupnыx gorodax. [Self-government in large cities] Moscow, Akademiya upravleniya MVD Rossii, 1999. pp. 9-10.
16. Zulfugarzade T.E. Zemelnoe pravo: Uchebnoe posobie. [Land Law: Study Guide.] Moscow, REU im. G.V. Plexanova, 2011, 78 p.; Anisimov A.P., Rijenkov A.Ya., Charkin S.A., Selivanova K.A. Zemelnoe pravo Rossii. Uchebnik. [Land law of Russia. Textbook] Moscow, Yurayt, 2019, 201 p.
17. Yerofeev B.V. Pravovoy rejim zemel gorodov [Legal regime of land of cities] Moscow, 1996, 12 p.
18. Javoronkova N.G. Pravovie osnovi biznesa v sfere prirodopolzovaniya. Uchebnoe posobie. [Legal foundations of business in the field of environmental management. Tutorial] Moscow, Prospect, 2017, 54 p.
19. Choltyan L.N. Voprosi klassifikatsii i pravovoy oxrani gorodskix naselyonnix punktov [Issues of classification and legal protection of urban settlements] Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika – Law and state: theory and practice, 2007, no.9, pp. 113-116.
20. Baydjanov I.S. Aholi punktlari va jamoat markazlarini me’moriy rejalashtirish. O‘quv qo‘llanma [Architectural planning of settlements and community centers. Study guide] Tahkent, 2019, pp. 3-4.
21. Persik Ye.N. Goroda mira. Geografiya mirovoy urbanizatsii [Cities of the world. The geography of world urbanization] Moscow, Mejdunarodnie otnosheniya, 1999, 23 p.
22. Population of the earth. Available at: www.countrymeters.info
23. State of world's cities 2012/2013. Prosperity of Cities. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2012.
24. Vipxanova G.V. Landshaftnoe razvitie gorodskix i drugix territoriy: informatsionno-pravovie problemi [Landscape development of urban and other territories: information and legal problems]. Agrarnoe i zemelnoe pravo – Agrarian and Land Law Agrarian and Land Law, Moscow, 2008, no. 6, 105 p.
25. Yevdokimova T.V. Pravovaya oxrana esteticheskix svoystv landshaftov. [Legal protection of the aesthetic properties of landscapes] Moscow, Yurlitinform, 2012, 104 p.
26. Moskova D.B. Lebedeva A.P. Chursina Ye.A. Problemi shumovogo zagryazneniya okrujayushey sredi. [Problems of noise pollution of the environment]. Sovremennie problemi geografii: mejvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnix trudov. [Modern problems of geography: interuniversity collection of scientific papers]. Astraxan, 2019, pp. 153-154. (In Russ.)
27. Beleskaya R.I. Pravovaya oxrana vodnix obektov po novomu Vodnomu kodeksu RF [Legal protection of water bodies according to the new Water Code of the Russian Federation]. Agrarnoe i zemelnoe pravo – Agrarian and Land Law, 2007, no.1, 114 p.
28. Choltyan L.N. Osobennosti i prinsipi pravovoy oxrani okrujayushey sredi v gorodskix naselyonnix punktax [Features and principles of legal environmental protection in urban settlements]. Agrarnoe i zemelnoe pravo – Agrarian and Land Law, 2008, no.10, pp. 111-112.
29. Petrov V.V. Konsepsiya vzaimodeystviya obshestva i prirodi – nauchnaya osnova ekologicheskogo prava [The concept of interaction between society and nature - the scientific basis of environmental law]. Metodologicheskie problemi pravovedeniya [Methodological problems of jurisprudence]. Moscow, Publishing house of Moscow University, 1994, p 133.
30. Lisina N.L. Istoriya razvitiya rossiyskogo zakonodatelstva po oxrane okrujayushey sredi v gorodax [The history of the development of Russian legislation on environmental protection in cities]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. – Bulletin of the Udmurt University, 2017, no. 27. pp.128-129.
31. Lisina N.L. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i problemы okrujayushey sredi v gorodax [Current state and environmental problems in cities]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of the Kemerovo State University. Kemerova, 2015, no. 4-2, pp. 242-243.
32. Vancouver Declaration on Settlements. Adopted by the United Nations Conference on Settlements. Vancouver, Canada, 1976 May 31 – June 11. Available at: www.un.org/ru/ documents/decl_conv/decl_habitat.shtml
33. New Urban Development Program (Kyoto Declaration on Sustainable Cities and Human Settlements for All). Adopted at the UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development Habitat III (17-20 October 2016, Kyoto, Ecuador) Available at: www.habitat3.org
34. Brinchuk M.M. Zakoni prirodi i obshestva [The laws of nature and society]. Moscow, 2015, 13 p.; Teoriya gosudarstva i prava. Uchebnik. [Theory of state and law. Textbook]. Moscow, 2007, 198 p.; Brinchuk M.M. Pravovoy mexanizm podgotovki i prinyatiya ekologicheski znachimыx resheniy [Legal mechanism for the preparation and adoption of environmentally significant decisions]. Gosudarstvo i pravo – State and Law, 2000, no. 9, pp. 49-50.
35. Kozyr O.M. Pravovaya oxrana okrujayushey sredi v selskom xozyaystve [Legal protection of the environment in agriculture]. Agrarnoe i zemelnoe pravo – Agrarian and Land Law, 2006, no. 10, 100 p.
36. Demidovich V.D. O pravovom obespechenii oxrani okrujayushey sredi v selskom xozyaystve Respubliki Belarus [On the legal support of environmental protection in agriculture of the Republic of Belarus]. Electronic library of BSEU. Available at: www.edoc.bseu.by
37. Ilyasova M.T., Akimjanova T. Pravovie voprosi oxrani okrujayushey prirodnoy sredi ot zagryazneniya toksichnimi veshestvami [Legal issues of environmental protection from pollution by toxic substances]. Vestnik KazNU. – Bulletin of KazNU, 2008, no. 8, 23 p.
38. . Biological resources – COVID-19. Legal support of biological resources for scientific purposes and biological safety. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp. 714-724. Available at: https://ejmcm.com/article_2125.html
39. N.Skripnikov, R.Kenjaev. Sovershenstvovanie agrarnogo zakonodatelstva v usloviyax izmenyayushegosya klimata: na primere Uzbekistana [Improvement of agrarian legislation in a changing climate: on the example of Uzbekistan].Vestnik yuridicheskix nauk – Bulletin of legal sciences, 2018, no. 4, pp. 58-61. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovershenstvovanie-agrarnogo-zakonodatelstva-v-usloviyah-izmenyayuschegosya-klimata-na-primere-uzbekistana
40. N.Skripnikov, M.Mirzaabdullaeva. Pravovoe obespechenie nauchnix issledovaniy v agrarnom sektore. [Legal support of scientific research in the agricultural sector] Vestnik yuridicheskix nauk – Bulletin of legal sciences, 2018, no. 2, pp. 67-72. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovoe-obespechenie-nauchnyh-issledovaniy-v-agrarnom-sektore
