VIRTUAL VIOLENCE: LEGAL ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY ISSUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V5SI4Y2025N38Keywords:
Cyber hooliganism, cyberbullying, legal assessment, slander, insult, personal data, digital environment, information security, forms of responsibility, national legislation, foreign experience.Abstract
This article analyzes cyber hooliganism as a modern manifestation of social media offenses such as threats, insults, slander, personal data dissemination, and collective condemnation carried out using information and communication technologies. The author examined the concept, types, legal features of cyber hooliganism, and existing relations in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on a scientific basis. Legal trends were also analyzed, and practical proposals for improving national legislation were put forward. The article identifies forms of liability, legal gaps, and problems in law enforcement practice, and recommends measures at the legislative, educational, and platform levels to address them.
References
1. YUNISEF (2021). Cyber Violence against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call. https://www.unicef.org/
2. UNESCO (2020). Tackling Cyberbullying: Best Practices. https://unesdoc.unesco.org
3. Sheridan, L., & Grant, T. (2005). Is cyberstalking different? Psychology, Crime & Law, 11(1), 61–69. DOI: 10.1080/10683160410001729664
4. Reyns, B. W. (2010). A situational crime prevention approach to cyberstalking victimization: Preventive tactics for Internet users and online place managers. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 12(2), 99–118. DOI: 10.1057/cpcs.2010.2
5. Ngo, F. T., & Paternoster, R. (2011). Cybercrime victimization: An examination of individual and situational level factors. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 5(1), 773–793.
6. О‘zbekiston Respublikasining Jinoyat kodeksi https://lex.uz/docs/111453
7. Shestakova YE.V. (2018). Kiberbulling kak fenomen informatsionnogo obshestva. Moskva: RUDN.
8. О‘zbekiston Respublikasining 02.07.2019 yildagi “Shaxsga doir ma’lumotlar tо‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni, О‘RQ-547-son https://lex.uz/docs/4396419
9. Douglas, D. M. (2016). Doxing: A conceptual analysis. Ethics and Information Technology, 18(3), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-016-9406-0
10. Citron, D. K. (2014). Hate Crimes in Cyberspace. Harvard University Press.
11. О‘zbekiston Respublikasining 12.12.2002 yildagi “Axborot erkinligi prinsiplari va kafolatlari tо‘g‘risida” 439-II-son Qonuni https://lex.uz/docs/52268
12. Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-report/1680764666
13. Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online. Data & Society Research Institute. https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline.pdf
14. Citron, D.K. (2014). Hate Crimes in Cyberspace. Harvard University Press.
15. Wynn, N. (2020). Shame, Canceling and Justice in the Digital Age. YouTube public lecture.
16. Ng, E. (2020). No Grand Pronouncements Here… Just Little Gestures of Refusal: Cancel Culture and Digital Media Participation. Television & New Media, 21(6), 621–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420918828
17. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2021). Online harassment and cyberstalking in Europe. https://fra.europa.eu
18. Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137.
19. О‘zbekiston Respublikasining 12.12.2002 yildagi “Axborot erkinligi prinsiplari va kafolatlari tо‘g‘risida” 439-II-son Qonuni https://lex.uz/docs/52268
