ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE CIVIL LEGAL STATUS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN UZBEKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V5SI9Y2025N72Keywords:
civil legal status, artificial intelligence, subject of civil law, legal personality, object of civil law, electronic personhood, will, reason, civil liability, digital agent.Abstract
This article is dedicated to the issue of determining the legal status of artificial intelligence within the framework of civil law in Uzbekistan. The author analyzes scholarly approaches to defining the concept of “artificial intelligence” and proposes a personal definition. The article discusses the classification of AI as a subject and as an object of civil law, analyzes the current approaches to this matter, and outlines their shortcomings. Additionally, the theory of the “electronic agent” is examined. In writing this article, the author relies not only on the national legislation of Uzbekistan but also on the international experience of developed countries. The conclusion emphasizes that determining the civil legal status of AI requires a comprehensive analysis, taking into account the dynamic nature of this phenomenon.
References
1. Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies until 2030, approved by Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-358 of October 14, 2024 // National Legal Database, October 17, 2024, No. 07/24/358/0825.
2. EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Available at: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-act/
3. National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence until 2030, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 490. // URL: https://base.garant.ru/72838946/
4. Andrew, A. Artificial Intelligence. Translated from English; edited and with a foreword by D.A. Pospelov. Moscow: Mir. 1985. 264 p. (p. 17).
5. Smolin, D.V. (2004). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Lecture Notes. Moscow: Fizmatlit. 208 p. (pp. 15–17).
6. Rich, E., & Knight, K. (1991). Artificial Intelligence (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Stryker, C., & Kavlakoglu, E. (2024). What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? URL: https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/artificial-intelligence
8. Sukhanov, E.A. (ed.). (2020). Civil Law: Textbook in 4 Volumes. Vol. III (2nd ed., revised and expanded). Moscow: Statut. p. 97.
9. Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan // National Legal Database, February 19, 2025, No. 03/25/1031/0160.
10. Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan // National Legal Database, February 19, 2025, No. 03/25/1031/0160
11. Ovchinnikov, A.I. (2018). Trends in the Development of Law in the Context of a New Technological Paradigm. Philosophy of Law, No. 3, p. 27.
12. Robot Added to the List of Residents of Belgium // URL: https://stmegi.com/posts/41999/robota-vnesli-v-spisok-zhiteley-belgii/
13. Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligence: Is It Possible? Legal and Moral-Ethical Aspects. Zakon.ru. October 17, 2023. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2023/10/17/pravosubektnost_iskusstvennogo_intellekta_vozmozhno_li_pravovoj_i_moralno-eticheskij_aspekt (Accessed: 14 September 2025).
14. Vasilevskaya, L.J. Artificial Intelligence: Problems of Civil Law Qualification. Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), (2023) (5), pp. 32–40. (In Russian). URL: https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.105.5.032-040
15. Artificial Intelligence and Legal Personality // URL:https://liedekerke.com/en/insights/artificial-intelligence-and-legal-personality
16. Zuikova, M.S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence as a Subject of Civil Law. Forum of Young Scientists, No. 11(87) // URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennyy-intellekt-kak-subekt-grazhdanskogo-prava
17. European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with Recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL)). // URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.html
18. Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan // National Legal Database, February 19, 2025, No. 03/25/1031/0160
19. AI as Agents // URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-handbook-of-artificial-intelligence/ai-as-agents/A15807BF655559096E806F462C5AB939
