XALQARO HUQUQ DOKTRINASIDA SHARTNOMA MAJBURIYLIGIGA ROZILIKNI IFODALASH INSTITUTINING SHARTNOMANING HAQIQIY EMASLIGI, AMAL QILISHINI BEKOR QILISH, TUGATISH VA TO’XTATIB TURISHDA AHAMIYATI

Jamshid Safarov

doi:10.47390/SPR1342V4I5Y2024N49

Авторы

Jamshid Safarov

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V4I5Y2024N49

Ключевые слова:

shartnomalar, xalqaro huquq, xalqaro shartnomalar huquqi, ratifikatsiya, qabul qilish, tasdiqlash, vorislik, qo’shilish, rasmiy tasdiqlash akti, to’liq vakolatlar.

Аннотация

Davlatchilik evolyutsiyasining hozirgi bosqichida xalqaro shartnomalar davlatlararo munosabatlarning huquqiy asosini tashkil etib, umuminsoniy tinchlik va xavfsizlikni saqlash, xalqaro hamkorlikni BMT Nizomining maqsad va tamoyillariga muvofiq rivojlantirish vositasi hisoblanadi. Shunday ekan, xalqaro huquqda shartnomalar juda muhim o’rin tutadi va shartnoma tushunchasi bilan bir qatorda shartnoma majburiyligiga rozilikni ifodalashning umumiy tushunchalari va tamoyillari xalqaro huquq doktrinasida belgilanishi kerak. Masalan, davlatlar va/yoki xalqaro tashkilotlar o’rtasida xalqaro shartnomalarning tuzilishi turli shakllarda, jumladan, “ratifikatsiya”, “rasmiy tasdiqlash akti”, “qabul qilish”, “tasdiqlash”, “vorislik” va “qo’shilish” shakllarda amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Biroq, shartnoma majburiyligiga rozilikni ifodalovchi me’yorlarni birlashtiruvchi yagona xalqaro hujjat mavjud emas. Xususan, 1969-yildagi Shartnomalar huquqi to’g’risidagi Vena konventsiyasida “rasmiy tasdiqlash akti” bilan bir qatorda “vorislik” tushunchasiga aniqlik kiritilmagan. Bundan tashqari, 1896 yilgi Konventsiya hali kuchga kirmagan. Shunday qilib, ushbu maqola xalqaro huquq doktrinasida shartnoma majburiyligiga bo’lgan rozilikni ifodalash tushunchalari va normalarini birlashtirish va unifikatsiya qilishning mumkin bo’lgan yechimlarini baholaydi.

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