COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL CONTROL OVER OPERATIONAL-SEARCH ACTIVITIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V5SI9Y2025N77Keywords:
Operational-search activity, judicial control, human rights, covert surveillance, criminal procedure, international lawAbstract
The article is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of judicial control over operational-search activities. It highlights the role of judicial oversight in ensuring the legality and validity of restrictions on individual rights and freedoms, and compares the experiences of different countries. First of all, the European model is examined, which is based on the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, emphasizing that state interference in private life is permissible only on legal grounds, with a legitimate aim, and under conditions necessary in a democratic society. In the legislation of Ukraine, Germany, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, special investigative actions such as covert surveillance, wiretapping of telephone conversations, and the collection of electronic data are clearly regulated, and the requirement of prior judicial authorization for such measures is emphasized. The analysis of the legislation of CIS countries reveals both similarities and differences in control systems. In the United States, restrictive measures in the field of intelligence are carried out through the FISA Court, while in the United Kingdom special attention is paid to guarantees of the citizens’ right to appeal. The conclusion substantiates the necessity of improving Uzbekistan’s legislation: introducing clear criteria for sanctioning operational measures, expanding mechanisms for notifying individuals, and strengthening judicial control. The research has theoretical and practical significance for law enforcement practice and lawmaking.
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