THEME:“MAORIF VA O‘QUTG‘UCHI” JOURNAL “MEHNAT MAKTABI NIMA DEMAK?” IN THE ARTICLE, THE INITIAL THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE IDEA OF PRACTICAL EDUCATION IN THE UZBEKISTAN SSR (IN THE EXAMPLE OF 1925, ISSUE 1)

Abstract

This article presents an in-depth scientific and pedagogical analysis of the seminal programmatic document titled “Mexnat maktabi nima demak?” (What does a Labor School mean?), published in the 1925, No. 1 issue of the journal “Maorif va O‘qitg‘uchi” (Education and Teacher). The primary objective of the research is to uncover the historical and comparative link between the revolutionary educational ideas of the 1920s-which strongly opposed “dead knowledge” (Anonymous, 1925, p. 24)-and the modern concept of functional literacy. The principle of integrating education through labor activity, as proposed in the article, is assessed as an early precursor to contemporary approaches like STEAM and the Competency-Based Model. By examining the ideological (socialist civic education) (Anonymous, 1925, p. 25) and economic (school self-sufficiency) (Anonymous, 1925, p. 26) requirements of the time, this analysis establishes a theoretical framework for understanding the historical roots of educational reform in Uzbekistan and the persistent challenge of enhancing functional literacy skills, as reflected in current PISA results.