THE ANTINOMIC NATURE OF NOUMENAL FREEDOM AND PHENOMENAL DETERMINISM IN IMMANUEL KANT’S PHILOSOPHY: A TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V6SI2Y2026N14Keywords:
noumenon, phenomenon, freedom, determinism, antinomy, transcendental idealism, autonomy.Abstract
This article provides an extended analysis of the antinomic relationship between noumenal freedom and phenomenal determinism in Immanuel Kant’s philosophy within the framework of transcendental idealism. The aim of the study is to clarify Kant’s solution to the Third Antinomy in the Critique of Pure Reason and to determine the epistemological and ontological foundations of the distinction between phenomenon and noumenon. The study demonstrates that Kant limits determinism to the phenomenal realm of experience while grounding freedom at the noumenal level as a postulate of practical reason.
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