INDEPENDENT WORK AS A KEY RESOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING COMPETENCIES AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract

This article analyzes student independent work as a system-forming resource for developing engineering competencies at a technical university. It is substantiated that independent work facilitates the transition from the reproductive acquisition of knowledge to project-based and analytical thinking, the development of engineering problem-solving skills, and professional responsibility. The key functions of independent work are highlighted: deepening theoretical knowledge, developing research and digital skills, developing design and communication skills, and self-regulation of learning activities. Methodological guidelines for the effective organization of independent work are proposed: setting measurable learning outcomes, creating a bank of assignments with practice-oriented cases, applying assessment criteria (rubrics), introducing regular feedback, and utilizing digital educational platforms. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of independent work increases when integrated with project-based learning and professional disciplines.