HINDISTONNING MARKAZIY OSIYOGA KIRITGAN INVESTITSIYALARINI QIYOSIY TAHLILI VA UNING O'ZBEKISTON UCHUN AHAMIYATI
Kalit so'zlar
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V5SI8Y2025N03Kalit so'zlar
Hindiston investitsiyalari, O'zbekiston, sektoraviy tahlil, Markaziy Osiyo, farmatsevtika, axborot texnologiyalari, qishloq xoʻjaligi, tog'-kon sanoati, infratuzilma, TXI tendensiyalari, ikki tomonlama hamkorlik, huquqiy muammolar, bozor liberalizatsiyasi, iqtisodiy islohotlar, Hindiston-O'zbekiston munosabatlari, barqaror investitsiyalar, UNCTAD, Jahon banki, WITS, Hindiston-Markaziy Osiyo hamkorligi.Annotasiya
Ushbu hisobotda (2025-yil) Hindistonning Markaziy Osiyodagi (Qozog‘iston, O‘zbekiston, Turkmaniston, Qirg‘iziston, Tojikiston) to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri xorijiy investitsiyalar (TXI) bo‘yicha so‘nggi tendensiyalari ko‘rib chiqiladi va O‘zbekiston uchun xulosalar chiqariladi. Unda Hindistonning umumiy TXI hajmi past darajada ekanligi ko‘rsatiladi — 2005-yildan beri Qozog‘iston umumiy hisobda taxminan 460 million dollar bilan yetakchilik qilmoqda1, 2023-yildagi oqimlar esa atigi ~30 million dollarni tashkil etdi.1 O‘zbekiston keyingi o‘rinda (2024-yil holatiga ko‘ra jami ~350 million dollar2), boshqa mamlakatlarda esa Hindistonning sarmoyalari ahamiyatsiz darajada (Qirg‘iziston: 2025-yil 1-chorakda ~1,9 million dollar3; Tojikiston va Turkmaniston: nolga yaqin). Hindiston kompaniyalari asosan tabiiy resurslar, ishlab chiqarish va xizmat ko‘rsatish sohalarida faol: masalan, Qozog‘istonda farmatsevtika, tog‘-kon sanoati va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash sohalarida 600 dan ortiq hind firmalari faoliyat yuritadi4; O‘zbekistonda esa farmatsevtika, taʼlim va avtomobil ehtiyot qismlari sohalariga Hindiston sarmoyalari kirib kelgan.5 Investitsiya muhiti keng farq qiladi: Qozog‘iston va O‘zbekiston bozorga kirishni osonlashtiradigan investorlar uchun qulay islohotlarni (bir darcha tamoyili, EIZ imtiyozlari, BIX) joriy qilgan bo‘lsa, Turkmaniston va Tojikiston juda cheklanganligicha qolmoqda. Hisobotga TXI oqimlari, asosiy sektorlar, maxsus hudud imtiyozlari va institutsional xususiyatlar bo‘yicha qiyosiy jadval kiritilgan. Qozog‘iston va O‘zbekiston tajribasiga tayanib, biz O‘zbekistonga o‘zining huquqiy bazasini yanada mustahkamlashni, soliqlar va EIZ imtiyozlarini tartibga solishni hamda Hindistonlik investorlarga imkoniyatlarni (ayniqsa, IT, farmatsevtika va yashil energiya sohalarida) faol ravishda targ‘ib qilishni tavsiya etamiz.
Manbalar
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