OʻZBEKISTONDA ONLAYN GENDER ZOʻRAVONLIGI: QONUNCHILIKDAGI BOʻSHLIQLAR VA ULARNI BARTARAF ETISH YOʻLLARI
Kalit so'zlar
https://doi.org/10.47390/SPR1342V5SI1Y2025N56Kalit so'zlar
onlayn gender zoʻravonligi, kibertaʼqib, raqamli tazyiq, huquqiy boʻshliqlar, gender tengligi, qonunchilik islohotlari, Oʻzbekiston.Annotasiya
Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekistonda onlayn gender zoʻravonligiga qarshi huquqiy va institutsional choralar yetishmovchiligi tahlil qilinib, qonunchilik va siyosiy islohotlarni tezlashtirish zarurligi taʼkidlanadi. Kibertaʼqib, onlayn tazyiq, doksing, va rasmiy asosda zoʻravonlikning ortib borayotganiga qaramay, Oʻzbekiston qonunchiligida ushbu huquqbuzarliklar uchun aniq taʼrif va ijro mexanizmlari mavjud emas. Maqolada jabrlanuvchilarning adolatga erishishda duch keladigan qiyinchiliklari, milliy qonunchilikning xalqaro standartlar bilan solishtirilishi va himoyani kuchaytirish uchun aniq choralar taklif etiladi. Tavsiyalar qatoriga huquqiy islohotlar, huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari malakasini oshirish, jabrlanuvchilarni qoʻllab-quvvatlash mexanizmlari va raqamli platformalarni tartibga solish kiradi. Huquqiy va institutsional choralarni mustahkamlash orqali ayollar uchun xavfsiz onlayn muhitni yaratish mumkin boʻladi.
Manbalar
1. Research on understanding online gender-based violence. Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria. Retrieved from: https://www.chr.up.ac.za/images/researchunits/dgdr/documents/resources/FINAL_v_Understanding_oGBV_in_Southern_Africa.pdf
2. Creating safe digital spaces free of trolls, doxing, and hate speech. UN Women. Retrieved from: https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2023/11/creating-safe-digital-spaces-free-of-trolls-doxing-and-hate-speech
3. Online gender-based violence and its impact on civic freedoms of women human rights defenders. International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL). Retrieved from: https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/Online-Gender-Based-Violence-report-final.pdf
4. Anonymity for complainants of image-based sexual abuse: Focus on harms to victims, not motives of perpetrators. Durham University. Retrieved from: https://www.durham.ac.uk/media/durham-university/departments-/law-school/pdfs/image-based-sexual-abuse/Anonymity-for-Complainants-of-Image-Based-Sexual-Abuse.pdf
5. Hicks, J. (2021). Global evidence on the prevalence and impact of online gender-based violence. K4D Helpdesk Report. Institute of Development Studies. DOI: 10.19088/K4D.2021.140. Retrieved from: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/articles/report/Global_Evidence_on_the_Prevalence_and_Impact_of_Online_Gender-based_Violence_OGBV_/26428096?file=48181987
6. Technology-facilitated violence against women: Towards a common definition. UN Women. Retrieved from: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/Expert-Group-Meeting-report-Technology-facilitated-violence-against-women-en.pdf
7. Iroegbu, M., O'Brien, F., Muñoz, L.C., & Parsons, G. (2024). Investigating the psychological impact of cyber-sexual harassment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(15-16), 3424-3445. DOI: 10.1177/08862605241231615. PMID: 38357898; PMCID: PMC11283743.
8. Eckert, S., & Metzger-Riftkin, M. (2020). Doxxing, privacy, and gendered harassment. Nomos eLibrary. Retrieved from: https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/de/10.5771/1615-634X-2020-3-273.pdf?download_full_pdf=1
9. Nixon, C. L. (2014). Current perspectives: The impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 5, 143-158. DOI: 10.2147/AHMT.S36456. PMID: 25177157; PMCID: PMC4126576.
10. McLaughlin, H., Uggen, C., & Blackstone, A. (2017). The economic and career effects of sexual harassment on working women. Gender & Society, 31(3), 333-358. DOI: 10.1177/0891243217704631. PMID: 29056822; PMCID: PMC5644356.
11. Online gender-based violence against women and girls: Basic concepts guide. Organization of American States (OAS). Retrieved from: https://www.oas.org/en/sms/cicte/docs/Guide-basic-concepts-Online-gender-based-violence-against-women-and-girls.pdf
12. Accelerating efforts to tackle online and technology-facilitated violence against women and girls. UN Women. Retrieved from: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/Accelerating-efforts-to-tackle-online-and-technology-facilitated-violence-against-women-and-girls-en_0.pdf
13. Doxing: A literature review. International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT). Retrieved from: https://icct.nl/sites/default/files/2024-12/Literature%20Review_Anti%20DOX.pdf
14. Methodology: Measuring the prevalence of online violence against women. The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved from: https://cdn.vev.design/private/WbTNgdOVVvgyq5TIBiYpWVmMCJQ2/hyw1xhPZO6_EIU_METHODOLOGY_PREVALENCE%20OF%20ONLINE%20VIOLENCE%20AGAINST%20WOMEN_FINAL.pdf.pdf
15. UNESCO’s Global Survey on Online Violence against Women Journalists. UNESCO. Retrieved from: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unescos-global-survey-online-violence-against-women-journalists
16. Online gender based violence: implications, developments and the legal framework. Retrieved from: https://www.ghrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Online-Gender-Based-Violence-implications-developments-and-the-legal-framework.pdf
17. Protecting women and girls from violence in the digital age: The relevance of the Istanbul Convention and the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime in addressing online and technology-facilitated violence against women. Council of Europe. Retrieved from: https://rm.coe.int/protecting-women-and-girls-from-violence-in-the-digital-age-final-eng-/1680ae3a31
18. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved from: https://lex.uz/docs/6451070
19. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On protection of women from harassment and abuse”. Retrieved from: https://lex.uz/docs/5147718
20. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved from: https://lex.uz/docs/111457
21. The situation with Deputy Feruza Babasheva: What is known? Retrieved from: https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/11/17/feruza-babasheva/
22. The public and officials have spoken out in defense of the journalist from Qalampir.uz. https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/08/journalist/
23. The Ministry of Internal Affairs has arrested the administrators of a group suspected of distributing women's photos on Telegram. https://www.gazeta.uz/uz/2023/05/16/hello-tashkent/